Structure, vulnerabilities and policy for fish seed supply system in India

Fish seed as a primary input determines the pace of aquaculture development. Traditionally, fish was sourced from natural water bodies, and farmers faced several constraints like mixed ununiformed non-targeted species, uncertain supplies. The development induced breeding technologies enabled establishment large numbers hatcheries. Since then, remarkable growth has taken place in production. Yet, sector suffers vulnerabilities excessive centralisation, seasonal dependence, price fluctuations, climate shocks. This paper suggests measures to improve governance reduce creating more resilient efficient supply chain.